Newspapers found in bookstores and libraries have always fascinated me as daily newspapers are often suspended on wooden dowels in such settings. This suspension transforms a newspaper into a book or manuscript.

I have applied this concept to my book titled: "Bound & Determined." The book contains passages from poems and quotes that I have recorded in my journals over the last forty years. These passages reference my insights, struggles and passions that involve the creative process. The imagery features remnants of drawings, paintings and prints that I completed during an extended stay at my sister's farm in Ohio. These remnants have been applied to handmade Thai paper and have been augmented with text and drawings. The paper is bound between two oak dowel rods that are wrapped with jute, and rests on a support fabricated out of cherry and birds-eye maple. Many details feature stairways, doorways and other architectural elements.

Bound & Determined is unique in that the viewer can enjoy it in a variety of ways. One can "read" it as a book both horizontally and vertically; or one can enjoy the piece as a painting or document "suspended" on the wood support, and lastly as a book resting on a table. Thus, the work translates as a book, manuscript, painting or sculpture.